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History of Istanbul, Historical Peninsula.
İstanbul, the World Capital...
The site of Istanbul was ruled first by Mycenae (1400 BC), then Frigians and then Chalcedons who were a Greek people that settled in Kadiköy.
The people of Megara that had lived in this area since 800 BC established the first colonia city settlement under the leader, the Byezantine Empire in Sarayburnu. The people of Megara who were ruled by various tribes were included in the Byezantine Empire in 64 BC with the name Byzantion. The Empire, building of the Coliseum which was going to be a characteristic of the city later on in 189 BC in the city whichhe previously had tumed into a wreck. However, he could not complete this construction. The Hippodrome, At Meydanı (the horse Arena) as named by the Ottoman people, wes thus established. Empire Construction of the Hippodome as he almost recreated the city in the middle of the 4 century AC. Although the city was officially named as the "New Rome" in this period, the name Contstantinople was widely used.
The first city walls surrounded the district of Eminönü and they took their final shape when they expanded to the west as a result of expansion of the city during the rulership of Empire Theodosius in the 5th sentury. While the palace of the empire and governmentoffices took plae around the ranked officials governing the state settled in districts around the place. Military garrisons were located at thewestern side of the city and the area that starts from Srayburnu in the Golden Horn and stretches to Unkapanı was estabished as the port area. "Forums" which wer bazaars that stretched from the government area to inside the city and the road names as "Messe" were also established durin this period.
The Ottoman people maintained this tradition and named this road as Divanyolu (the Council Road).
Constantinus II opened Hagia Sophia, a work of art and an inheritance of the wolrd, in the year 360. This building was destroyed during an uprising which broke out in the year 404. Thedosiu II ordered the reconstruction of Hagia Sophia and opened it in the year 415. However, it was destroyed again during the Nika uprising in 532. It was reconstructed upon the order of Empire Justinianus in 537 for the third and last time. It was finally turned into a museum in 1934. Istanbul was heavily destroyed by the latin invasion of 1204 during the crusades and some work were smuggled.
Istanbul which was conpuered by the Ottoman Empire in 1453 sustianed its characteristic of being themost densely populated metropolitan city through the Middle Age. Istanbul had been8 considered to be a wold capital since 4 BC to the end of the 18th century.
Kızkulesi: ( The Mainden's Tower )
The Mainden's Tower whose history dates back to the 4th century BC contitutes an importand part of the silhouette of Istanbul. When it became necessary to lighten the small rock at the enterace of the Bosphorus, a tower and lighthouse was built here.
Although it was also used for other purposes, the tower had always been used a a lighthouse. When the empire was told that his daughter was going to die as a result of snakebite, locked his daughter in this tower in fear and his daughter died after being betten by a snake hidden in the fruit basket sent by the prince. this is the most commen legend about the tower.